This article shows how to download and apply a Windows patch (update) manually. The following uses “cmd” with Administrative permissions.
Start by downloading the patch. You need to visit the following URL and search for the KBxxxxxx file manually.
https://catalog.update.microsoft.com
Click on the “Download” link next to the result you’re after. The KBxxxxxx file will likely apply to different versions of Windows so pick the one right for your version.
Download the file using “curl” as follows:
curl http://download.windowsupdate.com/d/msdownload/update/software/updt/2020/08/windows10.0-kb4566116-x64_b00e9f4fd5366202acd82922f86a8cb949ee817b.msu --output c:\Users\my-username\Downloads\update.msu
Now install the patch.
wusa update c:\Users\my-username\Downloads\update.msu /norestart /quiet